Causative and Sensory and Hypothesis

使役动词

有have, make, let, 表示 “使…, 让…”

have/make/let + 宾语 + v

He make me laugh.

I let him go.

Please have hime come here.

get + 宾语 + to + v

I can’t get anyone to do the work properly.

help + 宾语 + (to) + v

I helped him (to) repair the car.

使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词, 表示让某物/人被别人…

I must get my hair cut.

He couldn’t make himself heard.

Can you get the work finished in time?

感官动词

see / watch / observe / notice / hear / smell / taste / feel + 宾语 + 动词原形 / 现在分词

加动词原形, 表示动作的真实性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

加现在分词 ,表示动作的持续性, 进行性

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词

John saw the man knocked down by the car.

只单纯表示条件

条件状语从句, 用if引导, 从句为现在时, 语句用将来时, 表示”如果…”

If you get up early, you will catch up with the train.

if引导的条件状语从句, 可以放在句首, 也可以放在句尾

If you ask him, he will help you.

She will be upset if you fail the exam.

与现在事实相反的虚拟

if从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设, 与现在事实相反

从句: 动词过去式, be动词要用were

主句: would / could / should / might + 动词原形

If I were you, I would join them.

She would come with you if you invited her.

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

if从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设, 和过去事实相反

从句: had + 动词过去分词

主句: would / could / should / might + have + 动词过去分词

If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.

If he had taken my advise, he would not have made such a mistake.

wish / as if + 过去时/过去完成时

wish 后面的从句译为: 希望…就好了, 是不可能实现的假设

与现在事实相反的愿望

I wish I were as tall as you. (一般过去时)

与过去事实相反的愿望

He wished he hadn’t said that. (过去完成时)

将来不大可能实现的愿望

I wish it would rain tomorrow. (would / could / should / might)

as if 看起来, 好像…

与现在事实相反

You look as if you didn’t care.

与过去事实相反

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.

与将来事实相反

He opened his mouth as if he would say something.