动词不定式
to + 动词原形, 也就是动词的不定式, 除了不能做谓语, 其它都能做, 例如, 主语, 宾语, 宾补, 定语, 表语和状语
作主语: To get there by bike will take us an hour.
作宾语: The driver failed to see the car in time.
作宾补: We believe hime to be guilty.
作定语: The next train to arrive is from Seoul.
作表语: My suggestion is to put off the metting.
作状语: I come here only to say goodbye to you.
动名词
动词原形 + ing, 也就是动名词, 具有动词的特征和变化形式, 但在句子中的用法及功能类同名词, 在句子中可以作主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 也可以被副词修饰, 或支配宾语
作主语: Reading is an art.
作宾语: The went on walking and never stopped talking.
作表语: Your task is quickly cleaning the windows.
作定语: This is a reading room.
假主语/形式主语
不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上, 但一般用it代替它作形式主语
It is a great honor to be invited.
It is no use crying over split milk.
假宾语/形式宾语
在宾语的位置上, 用it代替它作形式宾语
We think it important to learn English.
I found it pleasant walking in the park.
不定式和动名词的否定形式
在不定式或动名词前加not就可以了
He pretened not to see her.
He regrets not join them.
不定式表示目的
in order to + v 表示目的, 可以放在句首或句尾
so as to + v 表示目的, 只能放在句尾
I have written it down in order to remember it.
He shouted and waved som as to be noticed.
否定形式
in order not to / so as not to
I have written it down in order not to forgot it.
He said nothing so as not to be noticed.
常见的不定式和动名词
too…to… 太…以至于不能…
The room is too small to live.
enough + n + to + v
There is enough food to eat. (作形容词)
adj + enough + to + v 足够可以
The box is big enough to contain six apples. (作副词)
on + 动名词, 一…就…
On seeing the snake, the girl is very frightened.
There is no hope of + 动名词, 没希望
There is no hope of seeing him.
feel like + 动名词, 想要做…
I feel like eating ice cream now.
have a hard time + 动名词
做…很难
They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.
现在分词 / 动名词
Writing books is his job. (动名词)
He is writing a book. (现在分词)
p.p. / 过去分词
用在完成时和被动语态当中
He has written the homework. (现在完成时)
The homework is written. (被动语态)
分词句
包含现在分词或过去分词的分句
The students went out the classroom, laughing and talking.
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.